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The Republic of South Sudan, a landlocked country in eastern Africa, borders Ethiopia in the east, the Central African Republic in the west, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya and Uganda in the south as well as Sudan in the north. Its capital is Juba.

South Sudan was originally part of Sudan under joint rule by the UK and Egypt, which became part of the Republic of Sudan in 1956 and was a province among ten provinces of the southern part of Sudan. After the first Sudanese civil war, the southern Sudan was autonomous from 1972 to 1983. The second Sudanese civil war then broke out in 1983 and until 2005 a "Comprehensive Peace Agreement" was signed and the Sudan Southern Autonomous Government was established. In 2011, South Sudan Independent Referendum passed, the Republic of South Sudan declared its independence on July 9, 2011, becoming the 54th country of the African continent, with about 30 heads of countries participating in the independent celebration of the Republic of South Sudan, including the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. On July 14, 2011, the Republic of South Sudan became the 193rd Member Country of the United Nations. On December 15, 2013, civil war broek out in its capital of Juba, and to this day South Sudan has not yet been completely peaceful. On August 26, 2015, under the mediation of the United Nations, all parties concerned agreed to set up a transitional government for a period of 30 months and to hold elections in the latter part of the transition period.